ALDH2 and myocardial infarction: In a rat model where heart failure is induced by a 6-week treatment of myocardial infarction, treatment of a selective ALDH2 activator Alda-1, starting 4 weeks after myocardial infarction, significantly decreases the accumulation of 4-HNE and its associated cell toxicity in failing hearts and improves cardiomyocyte shortening, left ventricular compliance, and diastolic function [38].