Increasing evidence also suggests that the effects of chronic inflammation and inflammatory cytokines such as interleukin-6 (IL-6) and interleukin-1β (IL-1β) may differently influence susceptibility to an HBV infection, persistence of an HBV infection, and the development of HBV-related HCC in male and female patients [17–19]. This evidence concerns the gene IL1B and hepatocellular carcinoma.