Importantly, the TSG (CD69, FAM46C and PPM1H) and TDG (CD1E, EOMES and FBLN2) tested are also modulated early during HIV infection of Jurkat T cells, albeit with different kinetics (Figure 1—figure supplement 7), supporting the view that the cellular reprogramming by Tat is functional and not simply an artifact of RNA-seq or the ectopic expression of Tat outside the context of the virus. Here, TAT is linked to HIV infectious disease.