AGT and vascular disorder: Angiotensin II on the other hand has been shown to cause hypertension and vasculopathy through the activation of the mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase activity which mediates vascular smooth muscle proliferation [5] The effects of angiotensin II are compartmentalised mainly in the medulla and tubule of the kidney, where it regulates medulla and tubular function through its type 1 receptor [6].