Patient age, sex, hiatal hernia length, body mass index (BMI), family history of EAC, esophagitis or BE mucosal irregularities (as determined by endoscopy), aspirin or NSAID use, and current or former smoking or alcohol abuse, AMACR and cyclin D1 expression levels were not associated with neoplastic progression or advanced neoplastic progression (Tables 3 and 4, and data not shown); however, high p53 expression (>5%) was associated with progression to advanced neoplasia on univariate analysis (hazard ratio 12; P = 0.03) (Table 5). This evidence concerns the gene CCND1 and Barrett esophagus.