Supporting a key role for the ATP/NLRP3 inflammasome in response to chemotherapy, Ghringhelli et al. [21] demonstrated that P2RX7−/−, NLRP3−/−, Caspase- 1−/−, and IL-1R−/− mice had significantly decreased chemotherapeutic protection against EG7 lymphoma, CT26 colorectal carcinoma and MCA205 fibrosarcoma. The gene discussed is NLRP3; the disease is colorectal carcinoma.