CXCR3 and neoplasm: In breast cancers, the molecular mechanisms of CXCR3-mediated metastasis involve tumor-host interaction; for example, mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) were recruited to the tumor microenvironment through CXCL10/CXCR3 axis (MSC/tumor cell), one of the critical signaling loops mediated by hypoxia-inducible factors and important in stromal and tumor cell interaction [29, 30].