Activation of the AR regulator HIPK2 (Homeodomain-Interacting Protein Kinase 2) [74] by genotoxic stress triggers apoptosis in part through phosphorylation of CtBP1, which causes CtBP1 degradation [75]; loss of this signaling could plausibly cause predisposition to multiple forms of cancer. This evidence concerns the gene CTBP1 and cancer.