TMPRSS2 and posterior cortical atrophy: For examples: (1) It has been reported that, together with TMPRSS2-ERG, the PI3-kinase pathway activates prostate oncogenesis [59]; (2) Wnt signaling and its key component β-catenin contribute to prostate tumorigenesis [60]; and (3) the hedgehog signaling pathway is involved in PCa development and in the progression to more aggressive and even therapy-resistant disease states [61].