IL10 and infection: Given that C. jejuni induced non-self-limiting enterocolitis in gnotobiotic IL-10−/− mice within 6 days p.i. [31–33], we investigated potential immunopathological sequelae of A. butzleri infection at day 6 p.i. and, additionally, to a later time point, namely day 16 p.i. Six and 16 days following peroral infection with 109 viable A. butzleri the respective isolates could be cultured from the small and large intestinal lumen with highest loads of up to 108 colony forming units (CFU) per g in the colon and approximately 104 CFU per g in the ileum of infected gnotobiotic IL-10−/− mice (Fig. 1).