TGF-β1 has been implicated in a broad spectrum of activities in the pathogenesis of pulmonary fibrosis such as pulmonary inflammation (Bergeron et al., 2003), differentiation of fibroblasts into active myofibroblasts and inhibition of fibroblast apoptosis (Lee et al., 2006), EMT (Willis and Borok, 2007), as well as synthesis and deposition of collagen and ECM molecules by myofibroblasts (Ignotz and Massague, 1986). The gene discussed is TGFB1; the disease is pulmonary fibrosis.