Data coming directly from patients have consistently associated BDNF with schizophrenia (Bellon et al., 2011; Thompson Ray et al., 2011; Favalli et al., 2012), while in vitro studies have shown that increasing endogenous BDNF by knocking down BDNF-AS transcript results in neurostructural rearrangements (Modarresi et al., 2012). The gene discussed is BDNF; the disease is schizophrenia.