Persistent activation of Nrf2 due to sequestration of Keap1 into Sqstm1-positive structure causes hepatomegaly and liver failure in Atg7f/f;Albumin-Cre and Atg5f/f;Albumin-Cre mice (Komatsu et al., 2010; Ni et al., 2014). Here, SQSTM1 is linked to liver failure.