POU5F1 and cancer: Specifically, given the assumption that cancer cells have already migrated and invaded from the primary lesion into nearby lymphatic vessels, even in the early stage before complete resection of the primary tumor, we can speculate that the vast majority of these cells, which lack the stemness properties associated with Oct3/4 and Nanog expression (i.e., non-CSCs), cannot survive and establish lymph node metastasis, in part due to insufficient cell motility and invasiveness.