After cerebral ischemia, astrocytes were strikingly activated with increased expression of GFAP, however the treatment of His 1000 had no further effect on the activation of astrocytes on 7 d after ischemia, nor did His 1000–0 and 1000–500 treatments on 14 d after ischemia (Supplement Fig. 2; n = 6–7). Here, GFAP is linked to brain ischemia.