EGFR and non-small cell lung carcinoma: Compared to conventional cytotoxic chemotherapy, epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors (EGFR TKIs), such as gefitinib, erlotinib, and afatinib, have been confirmed to significantly prolong overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) in advanced NSCLC patients who possess EGFR mutations5, 6, 7.