DRAM1 and brain ischemia: To further determine the role of p53 transcriptional activity in the anti-autophagy effect of XNJ, our experiments with suppression of p53 transcriptional activity by p53 inhibitor have provided more direct evidence showing that the alteration of p53 transcriptional activity induced by serum-free and cerebral ischemia causally links to the autophagy and anti-autophagy effects of XNJ depending on p53-DRAM signaling pathway.