The increased levels of TNFα, IFNγ and IL-12 are in line with a previous study using different time points24, and the increased levels of IL-4, TNFα and IFNγ at day 19 post infection was confirmed using individual RT-PCRs (fold increase mean [range] IL-4 5.9 [2.4–12.6], TNFα 5.3 [1.3–9.7], IFNγ 5.9 [1.8–9.6]). The gene discussed is TNF; the disease is infection.