Moreover, in full accordance with the RA studies [45, 67], a recent fMRI investigation of Crohn’s disease patients [73] confirmed that TNF neutralization with infliximab rapidly improved the subjective state of the prospective responders and demonstrated that this improvement was paralleled by a drastic reduction in nociception-evoked activity within the brain pain matrix as early as 24 h after the first injection, again by far preceding peripheral anti-inflammatory effects such as mucosal healing. The gene discussed is TNF; the disease is rheumatoid arthritis.