TNF and AIDS: LPS stimulation of total MMC from AIDS patients induced a further increase in TNF-α (median: 17.9 vs 31.8 pg/mL in unstimulated vs. stimulated MMC, respectively, p = 0.031) and IL-6 (median: 19.3 vs 45.46 pg/mL, respectively, p = 0.006) secretion.