In conclusion, in this study, paired premalignant and cancer samples from the same patients were used for both mRNA and miRNA sequencing, providing integrated profiles that enable us to identify an association between miR-375, KLF5 and the downstream gene BIRC5. This association might constitute a functional mechanism underlying the malignant progression of OLP and OSCC (Figure 6). The gene discussed is KLF5; the disease is oral lichen planus.