And M2 macrophages promote the proliferation, invasion and metastasis of cancer cells by producing more anti-inflammatory and pro-angiogenic cytokines, such as transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), epidermal growth factor (EGF) and fibroblast growth factor (FGF) [8, 9]. The gene discussed is VEGFA; the disease is cancer.