Active-surveillance is often used for patients deemed to have low-risk prostate cancer (e.g. clinical category T1c, Gleason score ≤ 6, and PSA ≤ 10 ng/mL), but older men are at an increased risk of mortality from prostate cancer, despite low pathology scores and low PSA serum concentrations [37]. The gene discussed is KLK3; the disease is prostate cancer.