This finding is higher than a study done in United Kingdom by Anker et al. and United States by Mancini et al., which showed prevalence of cardiac cachexia to be 16 % (assessed by weight loss of >7.5 % in the past 6 months) and 24 % (based on serum albumin) among heart failure patients respectively [35, 36]. The gene discussed is ALB; the disease is heart failure.