TNFSF10 and neoplasm: Despite promising preclinical in vitro and in vivo studies22, 23, 24 first clinical trials using TRAIL as a single agent have been disappointing since only modest overall anti-tumor activity was observed in patients with advanced malignancies.25 Nevertheless, both recombinant TRAIL and TRAIL receptor agonists have been proven to be non-toxic and well tolerated.11 The search for treatment options promoting TRAIL-mediated tumor cell killing is therefore as intense as ever.