Combination of ATRA and arsenic also has synergistic effects in APL patients during induction therapy due to their different pharmacology targets (ATRA targets RARα and arsenic targets PML).24,25 For the 4 previously reported pediatric APL cases with the ider(17)(q10)t(15;17), 2 of them18,19 were reported in 1986 and 1987, which were before the starting of ATRA treatment in 1988. This evidence concerns the gene RARA and acute promyelocytic leukemia.