As shown in Fig. 5f–h and Supplementary Fig. 5, silencing β-catenin or TCF4 directly inhibited Wnt/β-catenin signalling and strikingly reversed the ability of miR-582-3p-overexpressing NSCLC cells to form spheres in vitro and to initiate tumours in vivo, suggesting that miR-582-3p overexpression cannot promote the stemness and tumorigenesis of NSCLC cells without activating Wnt/β-catenin signalling. Here, TCF4 is linked to non-small cell lung carcinoma.