Compared with HNSCC tissues (n=10) from head and neck cancer tissue array (US Biomax Inc., Rockville, MD), all six samples from cixutumumab-treated patients showed markedly increased numbers of macrophages, fibroblasts and VE cells along with IGF-2 expression (Fig. 8a and Supplementary Fig. 19). Here, IGF2 is linked to head and neck cancer.