TNF and Alzheimer disease: TNFα offers neuroprotection as reflected in the levels of calbindin and superoxide scavenger (Watters and O'Connor, 2011), the up-regulation of potassium channels to block NMDAR-related excitotoxicity (Carlson et al., 1999; Dolga et al., 2008), the regulation of NFκB-related neuroprotection (Taoufik et al., 2011) and the reduction of AD pathology by suppressing amyloid induced Cdk5 activity and tau phosphorylation (Orellana et al., 2007).