ATM and cancer: Previous studies have shown a close relationship between ATM activity and activation of MAPKs in cell cycle arrest, senescence, migration and apoptosis in cancer cells (Reinhardt et al., 2007; Ravi et al., 2008; Golding et al., 2009; Wang et al., 2009; Yang et al., 2011b; Yu et al., 2013; Dixit et al., 2014; Hsieh et al., 2014).