Several molecules in PHR protein signaling pathways also are associated with schizophrenia and autism, including the Tuberous Sclerosis Complex (Han et al. 2012; Murthy et al. 2004), FSN-1/Fbxo45 (Sagar et al. 2013; Wang et al. 2014), and ESS-2/DGCR14 (Noma et al. 2014). This evidence concerns the gene FBXO45 and schizophrenia.