According to this synthesis (Fig. 2), C9orf72 mutations target early encoding of pain and temperature signals at the level of thalamo-cortical circuitry, accounting for the high proportion of cases reporting relevant symptoms here; while behavioural variant FTD more generally disrupts the relay of body state information from posterior insula and its integration with hedonic and environmental context in mid insula and more anterior regions. This evidence concerns the gene C9orf72 and frontotemporal dementia.