A series of subsequent breakthroughs in targeted therapy also led to the approval of agents targeting BRAF (vemurafenib and dabrafenib) [6, 7] in patients harboring active BRAF V600 mutations in melanoma and of those targeting MEK (trametinib) [8], as well as the programmed death 1 pathway (PD-1) [9]. This evidence concerns the gene BRAF and melanoma.