It has been reported that TAK1 negatively regulated NF-κB and p38 MAPK activation in Gr-1+CD11b+ neutrophils26, In contrast, we demonstrated here that TAK1 was a key regulator of T1DM whose inhibition delayed and reduced the incidence of diabetes by alleviating insulitis and preserving islet function. This evidence concerns the gene NFKB1 and type 1 diabetes mellitus.