A short-term (1 h) exposure of astrocytoma cell lines to fractionated HTLV-1-infected T cell lines-derived supernatants, resulted in statistically significant increase in the mRNA of TNF-α, various chemokines, as well as VCAM-1 and MMP-8, as compared with supernatants derived from the non-infected T cell line, as shown in Fig. 6. The gene discussed is VCAM1; the disease is astrocytoma (excluding glioblastoma).