CXCR4 and pancreatic neoplasm: Notably, a recent study demonstrated that CQ can counteract primary pancreatic CSC activity through inhibition of CXCR4 and Hedgehog signaling but independent of autophagy blockade, which is inconsistent with our result that, in primary pancreatic tumor SP-1 cells, CQ caused the accumulation of LC3 puncta, indicative of autophagy inhibition (Additional file 4: Figure S4A).