TLR4 initiates intracellular signaling that regulates gene expression through phosphorylation of MAPKs and NF-κB. Involvement of the receptor is known in Alzheimer's disease (AD) and Parkinson's disease (PD) [10, 11] and deficiency protects mice against neurodegeneration following injury [12, 13]. The gene discussed is TLR4; the disease is Alzheimer disease.