TLR4 and Sepsis: Mostly, the hepatic and systemic sepsis (toxicities) induced by LPS have been attributed to an overproduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and the release of chemical mediators such as peroxide, nitric oxide, and proinflammatory cytokines (massive release of TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6), which are all formed as a result of the binding of LPS to Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR-4) on the surface of Küpffer cells [16, 23].