BMI1 and cancer: Taken together, as shown in Figure 7G, Bmi-1 mediates Hes1-induced EMT, cell invasion and cytoskeleton reorganization by activating PTEN/Akt/GSK3β pathway, Hes1 also downregulates PTEN by binding the PTEN locus, all of which consequently induces EMT and cytoskeleton reconstruction, and ultimately leads to enhanced invasiveness of cancer cells.