Taken together, as shown in Figure 7G, Bmi-1 mediates Hes1-induced EMT, cell invasion and cytoskeleton reorganization by activating PTEN/Akt/GSK3β pathway, Hes1 also downregulates PTEN by binding the PTEN locus, all of which consequently induces EMT and cytoskeleton reconstruction, and ultimately leads to enhanced invasiveness of cancer cells. Here, PTEN is linked to cancer.