After 2 dpi, rGal–1 at 50 μg/ml diminished infection of cardiac cells by both T. cruzi lineages; this effect was prevented in the presence of lactose (Fig 3C and 3F), suggesting that the carbohydrate recognition domain (CRD) of Gal–1 may be involved in Gal–1 modulation of parasite infection. Here, GAL is linked to parasitic infectious disease.