FBXO32 and chronic kidney disease: There was a 7.7-fold increase of MAFbx and and 2.2-fold increase of MuRF1 in the muscles of CKD rat, as confirmed by RT-PCR (Figure 2(d)), whereas MAFbx protein increased in the muscles of CKD rat versus sham group, but the MuRF1 protein did not change (Figure 2(e)).