Both Mito-Vit-E and TLR9 inhibitor OND-I repressed LPS-induced up-regulation of MYD88, RAGE, ASC, activated caspase 1 and IL–1β, confirming that sepsis induces a mtROS dependent mtDNA-TLR9 pathway in cardiomyocytes (Fig 7). Here, TLR9 is linked to Sepsis.