To determine the effect of euphol on TGF-β-stimulated signaling in gastric cancer cells, we used AGS and MKN45 gastric cancer cell lines that were transiently transfected with the TGF-β-responsive luciferase promoter construct (CAGA)12-Luc and CAGA boxes within the promoter region of the human PAI-1 gene confer TGF-β and activin stimulatory activity, but not bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) stimulatory activity, on heterologous promoter reporter constructs [42]. Here, TGFB1 is linked to gastric cancer.