32, 33, 34 We have previously shown that HIF-1α is expressed in cyst-lining epithelial cells and is functionally involved in the progression of cyst growth through stimulation of calcium-dependent chloride secretion.32, 35 Thus, enhanced apoptosis mediated by increased expression of ANO6 could be an additional downstream mechanism of HIF-dependent cyst growth. The gene discussed is ANO6; the disease is cyst.