Whatever the cause and relevance of this increase, Sham and WT levels of the HSPs mRNAs are maintained in the heart of the 2 knockout mice used, despite the induction of renal I/R (Fig 5M and 5N); this gives more support to the idea that TLRs and HSPs interact in the pathways culminating with I/R-induced cardiac hypertrophy and dysfunction. This evidence concerns the gene INSR and cardiac hypertrophy.