HMGB1 and infection: Meanwhile, these activated phagocyte cells release proinflammatory cytokines such as Tumor Necrosis Factor-α (TNF-α), Interleukin-1 (IL-1), Interleukin-6 (IL-6), Interleukin-8 (IL-8), and High-Mobility Group Protein B1 (HMGB-1) that activate and recruit additional resting phagocytes from circulation to the infection site.