MAVS and bacterial infectious disease: With the discovery of the dual distribution of mitochondrial antiviral signaling protein (MAVS) to both peroxisomes and mitochondria, a novel role for peroxisomes in the innate immune response of the host cell to combat viral and bacterial infections, either alone or in cooperation with mitochondria, was revealed (Dixit et al., 2010; Odendall et al., 2014).