A major outcome of RNF8/RNF168-mediated ubiquitination is recruitment/stable accumulation of DDR proteins at the lesion, with the tumor suppressors BRCA1 (breast cancer 1, early onset) and 53BP1 (p53 binding protein 1) representing the two key effectors of the pathway (Lukas et al., 2011). The gene discussed is RNF8; the disease is neoplasm.