APOE and chronic kidney disease: Three rodent animal models are commonly employed to study mineral bone disorder (MBD) and its cardiovascular sequelae in the context of CKD: 1) phosphate/vitamin D loading post 5/6 nephrectomy (60); 2) adenine-induced renal failure (61); and 3) the mouse electrocautery model of CKD (62) in strains with a genetic predisposition to vascular calcification (e.g., LDLR−/− or apoE−/−).