In the ApoE−/− mouse atherosclerosis model, Aldo treatment increased circulating cytokines RANTES and MCP-1 and increased spleen size (13), and in a rat model of peritoneal dialysis, spironolactone treatment attenuated peritoneal inflammation and fibrosis by decreasing expression of MCP-1 and TGF-β (28). This evidence concerns the gene CCL2 and atherosclerosis.