While interferon-induced thyroiditis (IIT) is the most frequently reported autoimmune complication of IFNα therapy (14, 15), other autoimmune conditions, such as T1D (16), systemic lupus erythematosus (17), rheumatoid arthritis (18), pernicious anemia (19), optic neuritis (20), vitiligo (21), and autoimmune hemolytic anemia (22) are also associated with HCV infection [for review, see Ref. This evidence concerns the gene IFNA1 and type 1 diabetes mellitus.