Knobler and colleagues noted significantly more detectable serum TNFα (measured as soluble TNFR1 and 2) in diabetic HCV+ patients than in non-diabetic HCV+ patients (respectively, 74 versus 64%; p-value <0.0001), independent of prior IFNα treatment or cirrhosis (71). The gene discussed is IFNA1; the disease is Cirrhosis.